åÇÏí Èä Úáí
07-26-2013, 03:24 AM
ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúæóÓóÇØóÉö
ááÅãÇã ÇÈä ÇáÞíã ÇáÌæÒíÉ
æóæóÞóÚóÊú ãóÓúÃóáóÉñ æóåöíó: Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÕúÏõåõ ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÌóäóÇÈö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áöÚóÙóãóÊöåö áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí ÇáÏøõÎõæáõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØö æóÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁö ßóÍóÇáö Çáúãõáõæßö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÔúÑößõ áóãú íóÞúÕöÏú ÇáöÇÓúÊöåóÇäóÉó ÈöÌóäóÇÈö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÕóÏó ÊóÚúÙöíãóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÚúÈõÏõ åóÐöåö ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØó áöÊõÞóÑøöÈóäöí Åöáóíúåö æóÊóÏõáøóäöí æóÊõÏúÎöáóäöí Úóáóíúåö¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ æóåóÐöåö æóÓóÇÆöáõ æóÔõÝóÚóÇÁõ¡ Ýóáöãó ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÏúÑõ ãõæÌöÈðÇ áöÓõÎúØöåö æóÛóÖóÈöåö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóãõÎóáøöÏðÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóãõæÌöÈðÇ áöÓóÝúßö ÏöãóÇÁö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÈóÇÍóÉö ÍóÑöíãöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú¿
æóÊóÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÓõÄóÇáñ ÂÎóÑõ¡ æóåõæó Ãóäøóåõ åóáú íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÔúÑóÚó Çááøóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáÊøóÞóÑøõÈó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁö æóÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØö¡ Ýóíóßõæäó ÊóÍúÑöíãõ åóÐóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊõÝöíÏó ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ Ãóãú Ðóáößó ÞóÈöíÍñ Ýöí ÇáúÝöØóÑö æóÇáúÚõÞõæáö¡ íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíó Èöåö ÔóÑöíÚóÉñ¿ Èóáú ÌóÇÁóÊö ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚõ ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÑö ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÝöØóÑö æóÇáúÚõÞõæáö ãöäú ÞõÈúÍöåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÞúÈóÍõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÞóÈöíÍò¿ æóãóÇ ÇáÓøóÈóÈõ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö áóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõåõ ãöäú Ïõæäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÐøõäõæÈö¿ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: (Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõ Ãóäú íõÔúÑóßó Èöåö æóíóÛúÝöÑõ ãóÇ Ïõæäó Ðóáößó áöãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 48]
ÝóÊóÃóãøóáú åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó¡ æóÇÌúãóÚú ÞóáúÈóßó æóÐöåúäóßó Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈöåö æóáóÇ ÊóÓúÊóåúæöäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Èöåö íóÍúÕõáõ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÇáúãõæóÍøöÏöíäó¡ æóÇáúÚóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúÌóÇåöáöíäó Èöåö¡ æóÃóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö.
ÝóäóÞõæáõ¡ æóÈöÇááøóåö ÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞõ æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏõ¡ æóãöäúåõ äóÓúÊóãöÏøõ ÇáúãóÚõæäóÉó æóÇáÊøóÓúÏöíÏó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóäú íóåúÏöåö Çááøóåõ ÝóáóÇ ãõÖöáøó áóåõ¡ æóãóäú íõÖúáöáú ÝóáóÇ åóÇÏöíó áóåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇäöÚó áöãóÇ ÃóÚúØóì æóáóÇ ãõÚúØöíó áöãóÇ ãóäóÚó.
ÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÔöÑúßóÇäö:
ÔöÑúßñ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÐóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚúÈõæÏö æóÃóÓúãóÇÆöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÔöÑúßñ Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö æóãõÚóÇãóáóÊöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ äóæúÚóÇäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: ÔöÑúßõ ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö: æóåõæó ÃóÞúÈóÍõ ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ ßóÔöÑúßö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó: (æóãóÇ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 23] .
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõÎúÈöÑðÇ Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöåóÇãóÇäó: (æóÞóÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ íóÇåóÇãóÇäõ ÇÈúäö áöí ÕóÑúÍðÇ áóÚóáøöí ÃóÈúáõÛõ ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈó - ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö ÝóÃóØøóáöÚó Åöáóì Åöáóåö ãõæÓóì æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÙõäøõåõ ßóÇÐöÈðÇ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÛóÇÝöÑò: 36 - 37] ÝóÇáÔøöÑúßõ æóÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäö: Ýóßõáøõ ãõÔúÑößò ãõÚóØøöáñ æóßõáøõ ãõÚóØøöáò ãõÔúÑößñ¡ áóßöäøó ÇáÔøöÑúßó áóÇ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÃóÕúáó ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö¡ Èóáú íóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõ ãõÞöÑøðÇ ÈöÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãõÚóØøöáñ ÍóÞøó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö.
ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ
æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÞóÇÚöÏóÊõåõ ÇáøóÊöí íóÑúÌöÚõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ åõæó ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ¡ æóåõæó ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóÞúÓóÇãò:
ÊóÚúØöíáõ ÇáúãóÕúäõæÚö Úóäú ÕóÇäöÚöåö æóÎóÇáöÞöåö.
æóÊóÚúØöíáõ ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Úóäú ßóãóÇáöåö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓö¡ ÈöÊóÚúØöíáö ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÊóÚúØöíáõ ãõÚóÇãóáóÊöåö ÚóãøóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉö Ãóåúáö æóÍúÏóÉö ÇáúæõÌõæÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó: ãóÇ Ëóãøó ÎóÇáöÞñ æóãóÎúáõæÞñ æóáóÇ åóÇåõäóÇ ÔóíúÆóÇäö¡ Èóáö ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÇáúãõäóÒøóåõ åõæó Úóíúäõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö. æóãöäúåõ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúãóáóÇÍöÏóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÞöÏóãö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö æóÃóÈóÏöíøóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ Èóáú áóãú íóÒóáú æóáóÇ íóÒóÇáõ¡ æóÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËõ ÈöÃóÓúÑöåóÇ ãõÓúÊóäöÏóÉñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú Åöáóì ÃóÓúÈóÇÈò æóæóÓóÇÆöØó ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú ÅöíÌóÇÏóåóÇ¡ æóíõÓóãøõæäóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÚõÞõæáö æóÇáäøõÝõæÓö. æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ãóäú ÚóØøóáó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÇáÑøóÈøö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÃóæúÕóÇÝóåõ æóÃóÝúÚóÇáóåõ ãöäú ÛõáóÇÉö ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉö æóÇáúÞóÑóÇãöØóÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íõËúÈöÊõæÇ áóåõ ÇÓúãðÇ æóáóÇ ÕöÝóÉð¡ Èóáú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞó Ãóßúãóáó ãöäúåõ¡ ÅöÐú ßóãóÇáõ ÇáÐøóÇÊö ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåóÇ.
ÇáäøóæúÚõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÔöÑúßõ ãóäú ÌóÚóáó ãóÚóåõ ÅöáóåðÇ ÂÎóÑó¡ æóáóãú íõÚóØøöáú ÃóÓúãóÇÁóåõ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÑõÈõæÈöíøóÊóåõ¡ ßóÔöÑúßö ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÚóáõæåõ ËóáóÇËóÉð¡ ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÓöíÍó ÅöáóåðÇ¡ æóÃõãøóåõ ÅöáóåðÇ.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúãóÌõæÓö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÎóíúÑö Åöáóì ÇáäøõæÑö¡ æóÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáÔøóÑøö Åöáóì ÇáÙøõáúãóÉö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúÞóÏóÑöíøóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÎúáõÞõ ÃóÝúÚóÇáó äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÍúÏõËõ ÈöÏõæäö ãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö æóÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÃóÔúÈóÇåö ÇáúãóÌõæÓö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔøöÑúßõ - ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÇÌøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ýöí ÑóÈøöåö (ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøöíó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 258] .
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáó äóÝúÓóåõ äöÏøðÇ áöáøóåö¡ íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ ÈöÒóÚúãöåö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÍúíöí Çááøóåõ æóíõãöíÊõ¡ ÝóÃóáúÒóãóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóäøó ØóÑúÏó Þóæúáößó Ãóäú ÊóÞúÏöÑó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÌöåóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÃúÊöí ÈöåóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ÇäúÊöÞóÇáðÇ ßóãóÇ ÒóÚóãó ÈóÚúÖõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÏóáö Èóáú ÅöáúÒóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑúÏö ÇáÏøóáöíáö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ßóËöíÑò ãöãøóäú íõÔúÑößõ ÈöÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö ÇáúÚõáúæöíøóÇÊö¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõåóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÇÈðÇ ãõÏóÈøöÑóÉð áöÃóãúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ãõÔúÑößöí ÇáÕøóÇÈöÆóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÚõÈøóÇÏö ÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÚõÈøóÇÏö ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ãóÚúÈõæÏóåõ åõæó ÇáúÅöáóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÇáúÂáöåóÉö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøóåõ Åöáóåñ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÕøóåõ ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö æóÇáÊøóÈóÊøõáö Åöáóíúåö æóÇáöÇäúÞöØóÇÚö Åöáóíúåö ÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóíúåö æóÇÚúÊóäóì Èöåö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ãóÚúÈõæÏóåõ ÇáúÃóÏúäóì íõÞóÑøöÈõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÚúÈõæÏö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ æóÇáúÝóæúÞóÇäöíøó íõÞóÑøöÈõåõ Åöáóì ãóäú åõæó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÊõÞóÑøöÈóåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÂáöåóÉõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÊóÇÑóÉð ÊóßúËõÑõ ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØõ æóÊóÇÑóÉð ÊóÞöáøõ.
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ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáßÇÝí áãä ÓÃá Úä ÇáÏæÇÁ ÇáÔÇÝí (ÇáÏÇÁ æÇáÏæÇÁ)
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æóæóÞóÚóÊú ãóÓúÃóáóÉñ æóåöíó: Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÕúÏõåõ ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÌóäóÇÈö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áöÚóÙóãóÊöåö áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí ÇáÏøõÎõæáõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØö æóÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁö ßóÍóÇáö Çáúãõáõæßö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÔúÑößõ áóãú íóÞúÕöÏú ÇáöÇÓúÊöåóÇäóÉó ÈöÌóäóÇÈö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÕóÏó ÊóÚúÙöíãóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÚúÈõÏõ åóÐöåö ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØó áöÊõÞóÑøöÈóäöí Åöáóíúåö æóÊóÏõáøóäöí æóÊõÏúÎöáóäöí Úóáóíúåö¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ æóåóÐöåö æóÓóÇÆöáõ æóÔõÝóÚóÇÁõ¡ Ýóáöãó ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÏúÑõ ãõæÌöÈðÇ áöÓõÎúØöåö æóÛóÖóÈöåö ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóãõÎóáøöÏðÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóãõæÌöÈðÇ áöÓóÝúßö ÏöãóÇÁö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÈóÇÍóÉö ÍóÑöíãöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú¿
æóÊóÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÓõÄóÇáñ ÂÎóÑõ¡ æóåõæó Ãóäøóåõ åóáú íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÔúÑóÚó Çááøóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáÊøóÞóÑøõÈó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁö æóÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØö¡ Ýóíóßõæäó ÊóÍúÑöíãõ åóÐóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊõÝöíÏó ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ Ãóãú Ðóáößó ÞóÈöíÍñ Ýöí ÇáúÝöØóÑö æóÇáúÚõÞõæáö¡ íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíó Èöåö ÔóÑöíÚóÉñ¿ Èóáú ÌóÇÁóÊö ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚõ ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÑö ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÝöØóÑö æóÇáúÚõÞõæáö ãöäú ÞõÈúÍöåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÞúÈóÍõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÞóÈöíÍò¿ æóãóÇ ÇáÓøóÈóÈõ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö áóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõåõ ãöäú Ïõæäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÐøõäõæÈö¿ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: (Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõ Ãóäú íõÔúÑóßó Èöåö æóíóÛúÝöÑõ ãóÇ Ïõæäó Ðóáößó áöãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 48]
ÝóÊóÃóãøóáú åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó¡ æóÇÌúãóÚú ÞóáúÈóßó æóÐöåúäóßó Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈöåö æóáóÇ ÊóÓúÊóåúæöäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Èöåö íóÍúÕõáõ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÇáúãõæóÍøöÏöíäó¡ æóÇáúÚóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúÌóÇåöáöíäó Èöåö¡ æóÃóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö.
ÝóäóÞõæáõ¡ æóÈöÇááøóåö ÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞõ æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏõ¡ æóãöäúåõ äóÓúÊóãöÏøõ ÇáúãóÚõæäóÉó æóÇáÊøóÓúÏöíÏó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóäú íóåúÏöåö Çááøóåõ ÝóáóÇ ãõÖöáøó áóåõ¡ æóãóäú íõÖúáöáú ÝóáóÇ åóÇÏöíó áóåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇäöÚó áöãóÇ ÃóÚúØóì æóáóÇ ãõÚúØöíó áöãóÇ ãóäóÚó.
ÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÔöÑúßóÇäö:
ÔöÑúßñ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÐóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚúÈõæÏö æóÃóÓúãóÇÆöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÔöÑúßñ Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö æóãõÚóÇãóáóÊöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ äóæúÚóÇäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: ÔöÑúßõ ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö: æóåõæó ÃóÞúÈóÍõ ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ ßóÔöÑúßö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó: (æóãóÇ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 23] .
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõÎúÈöÑðÇ Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöåóÇãóÇäó: (æóÞóÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ íóÇåóÇãóÇäõ ÇÈúäö áöí ÕóÑúÍðÇ áóÚóáøöí ÃóÈúáõÛõ ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈó - ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö ÝóÃóØøóáöÚó Åöáóì Åöáóåö ãõæÓóì æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÙõäøõåõ ßóÇÐöÈðÇ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÛóÇÝöÑò: 36 - 37] ÝóÇáÔøöÑúßõ æóÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäö: Ýóßõáøõ ãõÔúÑößò ãõÚóØøöáñ æóßõáøõ ãõÚóØøöáò ãõÔúÑößñ¡ áóßöäøó ÇáÔøöÑúßó áóÇ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÃóÕúáó ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö¡ Èóáú íóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõ ãõÞöÑøðÇ ÈöÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãõÚóØøöáñ ÍóÞøó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö.
ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ
æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÞóÇÚöÏóÊõåõ ÇáøóÊöí íóÑúÌöÚõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ åõæó ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáõ¡ æóåõæó ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóÞúÓóÇãò:
ÊóÚúØöíáõ ÇáúãóÕúäõæÚö Úóäú ÕóÇäöÚöåö æóÎóÇáöÞöåö.
æóÊóÚúØöíáõ ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Úóäú ßóãóÇáöåö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓö¡ ÈöÊóÚúØöíáö ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö.
æóÊóÚúØöíáõ ãõÚóÇãóáóÊöåö ÚóãøóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉö Ãóåúáö æóÍúÏóÉö ÇáúæõÌõæÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó: ãóÇ Ëóãøó ÎóÇáöÞñ æóãóÎúáõæÞñ æóáóÇ åóÇåõäóÇ ÔóíúÆóÇäö¡ Èóáö ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÇáúãõäóÒøóåõ åõæó Úóíúäõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö. æóãöäúåõ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúãóáóÇÍöÏóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÞöÏóãö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö æóÃóÈóÏöíøóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ Èóáú áóãú íóÒóáú æóáóÇ íóÒóÇáõ¡ æóÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËõ ÈöÃóÓúÑöåóÇ ãõÓúÊóäöÏóÉñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú Åöáóì ÃóÓúÈóÇÈò æóæóÓóÇÆöØó ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú ÅöíÌóÇÏóåóÇ¡ æóíõÓóãøõæäóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÚõÞõæáö æóÇáäøõÝõæÓö. æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ãóäú ÚóØøóáó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÇáÑøóÈøö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÃóæúÕóÇÝóåõ æóÃóÝúÚóÇáóåõ ãöäú ÛõáóÇÉö ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉö æóÇáúÞóÑóÇãöØóÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íõËúÈöÊõæÇ áóåõ ÇÓúãðÇ æóáóÇ ÕöÝóÉð¡ Èóáú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞó Ãóßúãóáó ãöäúåõ¡ ÅöÐú ßóãóÇáõ ÇáÐøóÇÊö ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåóÇ.
ÇáäøóæúÚõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÔöÑúßõ ãóäú ÌóÚóáó ãóÚóåõ ÅöáóåðÇ ÂÎóÑó¡ æóáóãú íõÚóØøöáú ÃóÓúãóÇÁóåõ æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö æóÑõÈõæÈöíøóÊóåõ¡ ßóÔöÑúßö ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÚóáõæåõ ËóáóÇËóÉð¡ ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÓöíÍó ÅöáóåðÇ¡ æóÃõãøóåõ ÅöáóåðÇ.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúãóÌõæÓö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÎóíúÑö Åöáóì ÇáäøõæÑö¡ æóÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáÔøóÑøö Åöáóì ÇáÙøõáúãóÉö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÇáúÞóÏóÑöíøóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÎúáõÞõ ÃóÝúÚóÇáó äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÍúÏõËõ ÈöÏõæäö ãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö æóÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÃóÔúÈóÇåö ÇáúãóÌõæÓö.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔøöÑúßõ - ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÇÌøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ýöí ÑóÈøöåö (ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøöíó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 258] .
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáó äóÝúÓóåõ äöÏøðÇ áöáøóåö¡ íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ ÈöÒóÚúãöåö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÍúíöí Çááøóåõ æóíõãöíÊõ¡ ÝóÃóáúÒóãóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóäøó ØóÑúÏó Þóæúáößó Ãóäú ÊóÞúÏöÑó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÌöåóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÃúÊöí ÈöåóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ÇäúÊöÞóÇáðÇ ßóãóÇ ÒóÚóãó ÈóÚúÖõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÏóáö Èóáú ÅöáúÒóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑúÏö ÇáÏøóáöíáö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ßóËöíÑò ãöãøóäú íõÔúÑößõ ÈöÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö ÇáúÚõáúæöíøóÇÊö¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõåóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÇÈðÇ ãõÏóÈøöÑóÉð áöÃóãúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ãõÔúÑößöí ÇáÕøóÇÈöÆóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÔöÑúßõ ÚõÈøóÇÏö ÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÚõÈøóÇÏö ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ãóÚúÈõæÏóåõ åõæó ÇáúÅöáóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÇáúÂáöåóÉö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøóåõ Åöáóåñ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÕøóåõ ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö æóÇáÊøóÈóÊøõáö Åöáóíúåö æóÇáöÇäúÞöØóÇÚö Åöáóíúåö ÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóíúåö æóÇÚúÊóäóì Èöåö¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ãóÚúÈõæÏóåõ ÇáúÃóÏúäóì íõÞóÑøöÈõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÚúÈõæÏö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ æóÇáúÝóæúÞóÇäöíøó íõÞóÑøöÈõåõ Åöáóì ãóäú åõæó ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÊõÞóÑøöÈóåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÂáöåóÉõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÊóÇÑóÉð ÊóßúËõÑõ ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöØõ æóÊóÇÑóÉð ÊóÞöáøõ.
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